Difference Between CNC Turning and Milling

Despite the misconception that CNC turning is a recent innovation, it is, in fact, rooted in one of the oldest and simplest methods of part fabrication – the use of lathes. These machines come in horizontal or vertical configurations, chosen based on the workpiece’s weight, tolerance, and the raw materials used, which are typically round but can also be square or hexagonal in shape.

The primary function of a full CNC machine or turning center is to rotate or “turn” the workpiece, while its tools move in to remove excess material, shaping it as required. The initial step involves securing the material with a device known as a “chuck,” which then rotates at various speeds as specified by the machine.

In the past, lathes were operated manually, utilizing a series of turn wheels to move the chuck and workpiece back and forth for cutting. However, with modern advancements, CNC turning machines are now using computer numerical control, eliminating the need for constant manual supervision.

CNC turning is particularly well-suited for creating cylindrical parts, such as custom hollow tubing and shafts. Although it is possible to manufacture these components using 5-axis machining, opting for the turning method proves to be much more cost-effective and efficient.

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